时代 |
量制 | 统一换算(毫升) |
战国 |
齐: 1钟 = 10釜, 1釜 = 4区 1区 = 4豆, 1豆 = 4升 秦: 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 楚: 1筲 =5升 三晋: 1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 |
|
秦 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升 | 1斛 = 20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200 |
汉 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 1合 = 2龠, 1龠 = 5撮, 1撮 = 4圭 |
1斛 =20000, 1斗 = 2000, 1升 = 200 1合 = 20, 1龠 = 10, 1撮 = 2, 1圭 = 0.5 |
三国两晋 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 |
1斛 =20450, 1斗 = 2045, 1升 = 204.5 1合 = 20.45 |
南北朝 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 |
1斛 =30000, 1斗 = 3000, 1升 = 300 1合 = 30 |
隋 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 |
开皇: 1斛 = 60000, 1斗 =6000, 1升 =600 1合 = 60 大业: 1斛 =20000, 1斗 =2000, 1升 =200 1合 = 20 |
唐 |
1斛 = 10斗, 1斗 = 10升, 1升 = 10合 |
大: 1斛 = 60000, 1斗 =6000, 1升 =600 1合 = 60 小: 1斛 =20000, 1斗 =2000, 1升 =200 1合 = 20 |
宋 |
1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 |
1石 = 67000,1斛 =33500, 1斗 = 6700, 1升 = 670,1合 = 67 |
元 |
1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 |
1石 = 95000,1斛 = 47500, 1斗 = 9500, 1升 = 950,1合 = 95 |
明 |
1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 |
1石 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 =10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |
清 |
1石 = 2斛,1斛 = 5斗, 1斗 = 10升 1升 = 10合 |
1石 = 100000,1斛 = 50000, 1斗 =10000, 1升 = 1000,1合 = 100 |
✓ 《周礼》"嘉量"制度确立 ✓ 商鞅方升标准器(现藏上海博物馆) ✓ "升-斗-斛"十进制体系
✓ 新莽铜嘉量统一标准 ✓ 《唐六典》"大制-小制"系统 ✓ 茶马互市专用量具
圭 → 撮 → 抄 → 勺 → 合 → 升
斗(10升) → 斛(10斗) 石(重量/容量混用单位)
1钟 = 10釜 = 100区(齐制) 1溢 = 24掬(秦军粮计量)
朝代 | 1升≈现代 | 基准器 |
---|---|---|
战国秦 | 202ml | 商鞅方升 |
西汉 | 200ml | 铜龠量器 |
隋 | 600ml | 太府寺合 |
宋 | 664ml | 文思院斛 |
✓ 粟米与稻谷计量差异约±15% ✓ 木质量器需考虑2-3%的膨胀系数 ✓ 漕运"淋尖踢斛"损耗惯例